Jamming of 3D prolate granular materials

Abstract

We have found that the ability of long thin rods to jam into a solid-like state in response to a local perturbation depends upon both the particle aspect ratio and the container size. The dynamic phase diagram in this parameter space reveals a broad transition region separating granular stick-slip and solid-like behavior. In this transition region the pile displays both solid and stick-slip behavior. We measure the force on a small object pulled through the pile, and find the fluctuation spectra to have power law tails with an exponent characteristic of the region. The exponent varies from = −2 in the stick-slip region to = −1 in the solid region. These values reflect the different origins — granular rearrangements vs. dry friction — of the fluctuations. Finally, the packing fraction shows only a slight dependence on container size, but depends on aspect ratio in a manner predicted by a mean field theory and implies an aspect-ratio independent contact number of hci = 5.25 ± 0.03.