dc.contributor.author | Day, Steven | |
dc.contributor.author | Higham, Timothy | |
dc.contributor.author | Cheer, Angela | |
dc.contributor.author | Wainwright, Peter | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2009-03-17T16:23:18Z | |
dc.date.available | 2009-03-17T16:23:18Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2005-05-24 | |
dc.identifier.citation | The J. Exp. Biol. 208, 2661-2671
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1850/8590 | |
dc.description | RIT community members may access full-text via RIT Libraries licensed databases: http://library.rit.edu/databases/ | |
dc.description.abstract | The suction-feeding fish generates a flow field external
to its head in order to draw prey into the mouth. To date
there are very few empirical measurements that
characterize the fluid mechanics of suction feeding,
particularly the temporal and spatial patterns of water
velocity in front of the fish. To characterize the flow in
front of suction-feeding bluegill sunfish Lepomis
macrochirus, measurements with high spatial (<1·mm) and
temporal (500·Hz) resolution were taken using Particle
Image Velocimetry (PIV). In an analysis separate from the
PIV, high-speed video sequences were used for a novel
method of visually tracking every seed particle for the
duration of each feeding in order to determine directly the
total parcel of water that the fish ingests. PIV
measurements and particle tracking show that water is
drawn from all around the mouth. Fluid velocity decreases
rapidly with distance from the mouth and is only
significant (>5% of speed at the mouth) within roughly 1
mouth diameter of the fish. Suction feeders gain little in
terms of extending this flow field by even substantial
increases in the fluid speed at the mouth opening. Instead,
the chief advantage of increased flow speed at the mouth
may be the increased magnitude of generated forces
within the space very close to the mouth. After scaling of
the velocity field based on size of the mouth opening and
the measured fluid speed at a fixed position, the measured
velocity profiles for all feedings are very similar to one
another, so that a functional relationship for the
magnitude of fluid speed as a function of distance from the
predator mouth is presented and shown to be accurate
over the range of kinematic variables tested. This
relationship describes the velocity field both along the
centerline of the fish and along transects lying at an angle
to the centerline within both the mid-sagittal and frontal
planes. Comparison of the time-resolved fluid velocity
measurements to gape kinematics demonstrate that peak
fluid speed occurs simultaneously with 95% of peak gape,
showing that the bluegill maximizes nearly simultaneously
both the generated forces and size of the region over
which these forces act. The magnitude of peak fluid speed
during each strike decreases as a function of increasing
time to peak gape (r2=0.87), demonstrating a strong
relationship between the rate of buccal cavity expansion
and maximum generated flow speed. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
dc.publisher | The Company of Biologists | en_US |
dc.subject | Centrarchidae | en_US |
dc.subject | DPIV | en_US |
dc.subject | Lepomis macrochirus | en_US |
dc.subject | Suction feeding | en_US |
dc.title | Spatial and temporal patterns of water flow generated by suction-feeding bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus resolved by Particle Image Velocimetry | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.identifier.url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01708 | |